Ground effect
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This aerodynamic technology utilizes the principle of reduced pressure (Venturi effect) when air flows rapidly through the narrow space between the car's underbody and the ground, generating downforce that strongly pulls the car towards the track. It was first introduced in Formula 1 in the late 1970s but was banned due to safety concerns. It made a comeback in 2022 with the major regulatory overhaul and has become a key technology in current F1 cars.
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Frequently asked questions
Can ground effect generate downforce without wings?
Yes. A large amount of downforce is generated by the airflow and pressure difference beneath the floor, while the front and rear wings work together with the floor as part of the car's overall aerodynamic package.
Why are ground-effect cars so sensitive to ride height?
The gap between the floor and the track directly affects airflow and pressure beneath the car, so changes in ride height can significantly alter the car's downforce characteristics.
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